Integrazione Svelte

Il pacchetto @tsparticles/svelte fornisce un componente Svelte nativo per tsParticles. Questa guida copre Svelte (con Vite) e SvelteKit, incluse opzioni reattive, gestione eventi e istanze multiple.

---

Installazione

npm install @tsparticles/svelte @tsparticles/engine

Per il bundle completo o preset:

npm install tsparticles
npm install @tsparticles/preset-snow
npm install @tsparticles/preset-stars
npm install @tsparticles/preset-confetti
npm install @tsparticles/preset-fireworks

---

Utilizzo Base

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type { Engine, ISourceOptions } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  let engineInitialised = false;

  const particlesInit = async (engine: Engine): Promise<void> => {
    await loadFull(engine);
    engineInitialised = true;
  };

  const options: ISourceOptions = {
    background: {
      color: "#0d47a1",
    },
    fpsLimit: 120,
    particles: {
      number: {
        value: 80,
      },
      color: {
        value: "#ffffff",
      },
      shape: {
        type: "circle",
      },
      opacity: {
        value: 0.5,
      },
      size: {
        value: { min: 1, max: 5 },
      },
      links: {
        enable: true,
        distance: 150,
        color: "#ffffff",
        opacity: 0.4,
        width: 1,
      },
      move: {
        enable: true,
        speed: 2,
        outModes: "out",
      },
    },
  };
</script>

<Particles
  id="tsparticles"
  options={options}
  on:init={particlesInit}
/>

---

Inizializzazione del Motore

Passa un gestore di eventi on:init per caricare i plugin e i preset necessari alla tua app:

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type { Engine } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    const engine = event.detail;
    await loadFull(engine);
  };
</script>

<Particles
  id="tsparticles"
  options={options}
  on:init={handleInit}
/>

In alternativa, usa l'utilità initParticlesEngine prima del montaggio:

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles, { initParticlesEngine } from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import { onMount } from "svelte";

  let ready = false;

  onMount(async () => {
    await initParticlesEngine(async (engine) => {
      await loadFull(engine);
    });
    ready = true;
  });
</script>

{#if ready}
  <Particles id="tsparticles" options={options} />
{/if}

---

Effetto Neve

npm install @tsparticles/preset-snow

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadSnowPreset } from "@tsparticles/preset-snow";
  import type { Engine, ISourceOptions } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadSnowPreset(event.detail);
  };

  const options: ISourceOptions = {
    preset: "snow",
    background: {
      color: "#1a1a2e",
    },
  };
</script>

<Particles
  id="snow"
  {options}
  on:init={handleInit}
/>

Personalizza il comportamento del preset unendo opzioni aggiuntive:

<script lang="ts">
  const options: ISourceOptions = {
    preset: "snow",
    background: { color: "#0f0f23" },
    particles: {
      move: {
        speed: 1.5,  // nevicata più lenta
      },
      opacity: {
        value: 0.8,  // fiocchi più visibili
      },
    },
  };
</script>

---

Effetto Stelle

npm install @tsparticles/preset-stars

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadStarsPreset } from "@tsparticles/preset-stars";
  import type { Engine, ISourceOptions } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadStarsPreset(event.detail);
  };

  const options: ISourceOptions = {
    preset: "stars",
    background: {
      color: "#000000",
    },
  };
</script>

<Particles
  id="stars"
  {options}
  on:init={handleInit}
/>

---

Particelle Interattive

Aggiungi interattività al passaggio del mouse e al click:

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type { Engine, ISourceOptions } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadFull(event.detail);
  };

  const options: ISourceOptions = {
    background: {
      color: "#0d0d0d",
    },
    particles: {
      number: { value: 100 },
      color: { value: "#00d8ff" },
      shape: { type: "circle" },
      opacity: { value: 0.6 },
      size: { value: { min: 1, max: 4 } },
      links: {
        enable: true,
        distance: 120,
        color: "#00d8ff",
        opacity: 0.3,
        width: 1,
      },
      move: {
        enable: true,
        speed: 3,
      },
    },
    interactivity: {
      events: {
        onHover: {
          enable: true,
          mode: "grab",
        },
        onClick: {
          enable: true,
          mode: "push",
        },
      },
      modes: {
        grab: {
          distance: 180,
          links: { opacity: 0.5 },
        },
        push: {
          quantity: 4,
        },
      },
    },
  };
</script>

<Particles
  id="interactive"
  {options}
  on:init={handleInit}
/>

---

Gestione Eventi

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type { Container, Engine } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  let container: Container;

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadFull(event.detail);
  };

  const handleLoaded = (event: CustomEvent<Container>) => {
    container = event.detail;
    console.log("Container caricato", container);
  };

  const pause = () => container?.pause();
  const resume = () => container?.play();
  const destroy = () => container?.destroy();
</script>

<div>
  <button on:click={pause}>Pausa</button>
  <button on:click={resume}>Riprendi</button>
  <button on:click={destroy}>Distruggi</button>
</div>

<Particles
  id="tsparticles"
  options={options}
  on:init={handleInit}
  on:particlesLoaded={handleLoaded}
/>

Evento	Dettaglio	Viene attivato
on:init	Engine	Dopo che il motore è inizializzato
on:particlesLoaded	Container	Dopo che il container è completamente pronto

---

Esempio TypeScript

Componente tipizzato completo:

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type {
    Container,
    Engine,
    ISourceOptions,
  } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  let particlesContainer: Container | undefined;

  const options: ISourceOptions = {
    background: {
      color: "#1e1e2e",
    },
    fpsLimit: 60,
    particles: {
      color: {
        value: "#cdd6f4",
      },
      links: {
        color: "#cdd6f4",
        distance: 150,
        enable: true,
        opacity: 0.3,
        width: 1,
      },
      move: {
        enable: true,
        speed: 1.5,
      },
      number: {
        value: 60,
      },
      opacity: {
        value: 0.6,
      },
      size: {
        value: { min: 1, max: 3 },
      },
    },
    interactivity: {
      events: {
        onHover: {
          enable: true,
          mode: "repulse",
        },
      },
      modes: {
        repulse: {
          distance: 100,
        },
      },
    },
    detectRetina: true,
  };

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadFull(event.detail);
  };

  const handleLoaded = (event: CustomEvent<Container>) => {
    particlesContainer = event.detail;
  };
</script>

<Particles
  id="tsparticles"
  {options}
  on:init={handleInit}
  on:particlesLoaded={handleLoaded}
/>

---

Opzioni Dinamiche

Le opzioni reattive aggiornano le particelle senza ricreare l'istanza:

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type { Engine, ISourceOptions } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  let color = "#ff0000";

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadFull(event.detail);
  };

  $: options = {
    background: {
      color: "#000000",
    },
    particles: {
      color: {
        value: color,
      },
      links: {
        color: color,
        enable: true,
        distance: 150,
      },
      number: {
        value: 60,
      },
      move: {
        enable: true,
        speed: 2,
      },
      size: {
        value: { min: 1, max: 3 },
      },
    },
  } satisfies ISourceOptions;
</script>

<div>
  <label>
    Colore Particelle:
    <input type="color" bind:value={color} />
  </label>
</div>

<Particles
  id="dynamic"
  {options}
  on:init={handleInit}
/>

La dichiarazione reattiva $: ricalcola options ogni volta che color cambia, e il componente Particles recepisce automaticamente la nuova configurazione.

---

Istanze Multiple

Renderizza diversi sistemi di particelle indipendenti sulla stessa pagina:

<script lang="ts">
  import Particles from "@tsparticles/svelte";
  import { loadFull } from "tsparticles";
  import type { Engine, ISourceOptions } from "@tsparticles/engine";

  const handleInit = async (event: CustomEvent<Engine>) => {
    await loadFull(event.detail);
  };

  const fireOptions: ISourceOptions = {
    background: { color: "#1a0000" },
    particles: {
      color: { value: "#ff4500" },
      number: { value: 40 },
      move: { enable: true, speed: 1 },
      size: { value: { min: 2, max: 6 } },
      opacity: { value: 0.8 },
    },
  };

  const waterOptions: ISourceOptions = {
    background: { color: "#000d1a" },
    particles: {
      color: { value: "#00bfff" },
      number: { value: 60 },
      move: { enable: true, speed: 0.5, direction: "top" },
      size: { value: { min: 1, max: 3 } },
      opacity: { value: 0.5 },
    },
  };
</script>

<div style="display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; height: 100vh;">
  <div style="position: relative;">
    <Particles id="fire" options={fireOptions} on:init={handleInit} />
  </div>
  <div style="position: relative;">
    <Particles id="water" options={waterOptions} on:init={handleInit} />
  </div>
</div>

Ogni componente <Particles> ha il proprio id, canvas e contesto del motore.

---

Utilizzo con SvelteKit

In SvelteKit, il canvas richiede l'ambiente browser. Disabilita SSR per il componente:

<script lang="ts">
  import { browser } from "$app/environment";
  import { onMount } from "svelte";

  let Component: typeof import("@tsparticles/svelte").default;

  onMount(async () => {
    if (browser) {
      const module = await import("@tsparticles/svelte");
      Component = module.default;
    }
  });
</script>

{#if Component}
  <svelte:component this={Component} id="tsparticles" options={options} />
{/if}

Oppure avvolgi l'import in un componente solo client. Per SvelteKit 2+, puoi anche usare le esclusioni SSR di vite-plugin-svelte.

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Riferimento API

Prop	Tipo	Default	Descrizione
id	string	"tsparticles"	ID dell'elemento canvas
options	ISourceOptions	{}	Oggetto di configurazione particelle
url	string	—	URL per una configurazione JSON remota
theme	string	—	Theme name (requires @tsparticles/plugin-themes; safe no-op otherwise).

Evento	Dettaglio	Descrizione
on:init	Engine	Viene attivato quando il motore è inizializzato (usa per caricare plugin)
on:particlesLoaded	Container	Viene attivato quando il container è completamente pronto

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Risoluzione dei Problemi

• Canvas non visibile — Assicurati che il contenitore padre abbia dimensioni esplicite (height: 100%, height: 100vh o un valore fisso in pixel).
• loadFull is not a function — Verifica che tsparticles sia installato e che stai importando loadFull da tsparticles (non da @tsparticles/engine).
• Reattività non funzionante — Assicurati che options sia una variabile reattiva ($: o let collegata a una fonte reattiva). Valori const puri non si aggiorneranno.
• SvelteKit schermata bianca — Importa @tsparticles/svelte dinamicamente o usa la protezione browser come mostrato nella sezione SvelteKit sopra.
• Errori TypeScript per event.detail — Usa i tipi CustomEvent<Engine> e CustomEvent<Container> per i gestori di eventi.