Web Components
通过 @tsparticles/webcomponents 包将 tsParticles 与原生的 Web Components 一起使用。这种方法无需任何框架——只需要原生 JavaScript 和自定义元素。
安装
通过 CDN
包含 tsParticles 核心和 Web Components 包:
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/tsparticles@4/tsparticles.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@tsparticles/webcomponents@4/tsparticles.webcomponents.min.js"></script>通过 npm + 构建
npm install @tsparticles/webcomponents tsparticles然后导入到你的 JavaScript 包中:
import { initParticlesEngine, defineParticlesElement } from "@tsparticles/webcomponents";引擎初始化
在 <web-particles> 元素能够渲染之前,必须使用所需功能初始化引擎。使用回调调用 initParticlesEngine,加载所需的插件:
import { initParticlesEngine } from "@tsparticles/webcomponents";
const { loadFull } = await import("tsparticles");
await initParticlesEngine(async (engine) => {
await loadFull(engine);
});为什么需要
loadFull? 它注册所有内置形状(圆形、方形、多边形、图片等)、交互(悬停、点击)和更新器(透明度、大小、颜色等)。对于更小的包,使用tsparticles-slim或按需选择单个插件。
定义自定义元素
引擎初始化后,注册 <web-particles> 自定义元素:
import { defineParticlesElement } from "@tsparticles/webcomponents";
defineParticlesElement();这将 web-particles 标签注册到浏览器的 CustomElementRegistry。可以安全地多次调用——重复注册会被忽略。
基本使用
initParticlesEngine 和 defineParticlesElement 都运行后,直接在 HTML 中使用该元素:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>tsParticles Web Components</title>
</head>
<body>
<web-particles id="tsparticles"></web-particles>
<script type="module">
import { initParticlesEngine, defineParticlesElement } from "@tsparticles/webcomponents";
const { loadFull } = await import("tsparticles");
await initParticlesEngine(async (engine) => {
await loadFull(engine);
});
defineParticlesElement();
const el = document.getElementById("tsparticles");
el.options = {
background: { color: "#0d47a1" },
particles: {
number: { value: 80 },
links: { enable: true, color: "#ffffff" },
move: { enable: true, speed: 2 },
},
};
</script>
</body>
</html>自定义配置
<web-particles> 元素通过 options 属性(JavaScript 对象)或通过 options 属性(JSON)接受配置。
通过 JavaScript 属性
const el = document.querySelector("web-particles");
el.options = {
background: { color: "#000000" },
fpsLimit: 60,
particles: {
color: { value: ["#ff0000", "#00ff00", "#0000ff"] },
links: {
enable: true,
distance: 150,
color: "#ffffff",
opacity: 0.4,
},
move: {
enable: true,
speed: 3,
outModes: "bounce",
},
number: { value: 60 },
opacity: { value: 0.6 },
shape: { type: ["circle", "square"] },
size: { value: { min: 2, max: 6 } },
},
interactivity: {
events: {
onHover: { enable: true, mode: "repulse" },
onClick: { enable: true, mode: "push" },
},
modes: {
repulse: { distance: 200 },
push: { quantity: 4 },
},
},
};通过 HTML 属性(JSON)
<web-particles
id="tsparticles"
options='{
"background": { "color": "#0d47a1" },
"particles": {
"number": { "value": 50 },
"links": { "enable": true, "color": "#ffffff" },
"move": { "enable": true, "speed": 2 }
}
}'
></web-particles>使用
options属性时,该值必须是有效的 JSON。对于复杂配置,推荐使用属性赋值方式。
动态创建
你可以完全在 JavaScript 中创建 <web-particles> 元素,并随时将其添加到 DOM:
import { initParticlesEngine, defineParticlesElement } from "@tsparticles/webcomponents";
const { loadFull } = await import("tsparticles");
await initParticlesEngine(async (engine) => {
await loadFull(engine);
});
defineParticlesElement();
function createParticles(container, config) {
const el = document.createElement("web-particles");
el.id = "dynamic-particles";
el.style.position = "absolute";
el.style.width = "100%";
el.style.height = "100%";
el.style.top = "0";
el.style.left = "0";
el.options = config;
container.appendChild(el);
return el;
}
// 使用
const particles = createParticles(document.body, {
background: { color: "#1a1a2e" },
particles: {
number: { value: 100 },
links: { enable: true, color: "#e94560" },
move: { enable: true, speed: 1 },
},
});扩展自定义元素
你可以继承 ParticlesElement 来创建带有内置配置的自定义元素:
import { initParticlesEngine, ParticlesElement } from "@tsparticles/webcomponents";
const { loadFull } = await import("tsparticles");
await initParticlesEngine(async (engine) => {
await loadFull(engine);
});
class MyParticlesBackground extends ParticlesElement {
constructor() {
super();
this.style.position = "fixed";
this.style.top = "0";
this.style.left = "0";
this.style.width = "100%";
this.style.height = "100%";
this.style.zIndex = "-1";
}
connectedCallback() {
this.options = {
background: { color: "#0d47a1" },
particles: {
number: { value: 80 },
links: { enable: true, color: "#ffffff" },
move: { enable: true, speed: 2 },
},
};
super.connectedCallback();
}
}
customElements.define("my-particles-bg", MyParticlesBackground);使用:
<my-particles-bg></my-particles-bg>容器访问和控制
自定义元素暴露了 tsParticles Container 实例,用于命令式控制:
const el = document.querySelector("web-particles");
// 访问容器(在 connectedCallback 之后可用)
const container = el.container;
container?.pause();
container?.play();
// 销毁并清理
el.dispose();完整示例
一个使用 CDN 脚本的完整 HTML 页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>tsParticles Web Components 演示</title>
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
web-particles {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
top: 0;
left: 0;
}
.content {
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
color: white;
text-align: center;
padding-top: 20vh;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1>tsParticles + Web Components</h1>
<p>原生自定义元素,无需框架。</p>
</div>
<web-particles id="tsparticles"></web-particles>
<script type="module">
import {
initParticlesEngine,
defineParticlesElement,
} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@tsparticles/webcomponents@4/tsparticles.webcomponents.min.js";
const tsParticles = window.tPparticles;
await initParticlesEngine(async (engine) => {
await tsParticles.loadFull(engine);
});
defineParticlesElement();
const el = document.getElementById("tsparticles");
el.options = {
background: { color: "#0d47a1" },
fpsLimit: 60,
particles: {
number: { value: 100 },
color: { value: "#ffffff" },
links: {
enable: true,
distance: 150,
color: "#ffffff",
opacity: 0.4,
},
move: {
enable: true,
speed: 2,
outModes: "out",
},
size: {
value: { min: 1, max: 4 },
},
},
interactivity: {
events: {
onHover: { enable: true, mode: "grab" },
onClick: { enable: true, mode: "push" },
},
modes: {
grab: { distance: 200, links: { opacity: 0.5 } },
push: { quantity: 4 },
},
},
};
</script>
</body>
</html>Reactive Behavior
The <Particles> component reacts to prop changes at runtime:
id,options, orurlchange → the existing container is destroyed and particles are reloaded with the new values.themechange →loadThemeis called on the existing container. This requires the optional@tsparticles/plugin-themespackage to be loaded (otherwise it is a safe no-op).
On component unmount, the particles container is automatically destroyed — no orphan animations remain.
API 参考
| 导出 / 属性 | 类型 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
initParticlesEngine(callback) | function | 使用插件加载器初始化 tsParticles 引擎 |
defineParticlesElement() | function | 注册 <web-particles> 自定义元素 |
ParticlesElement | class | 可继承的基础类用于创建自定义元素 |
element.options | ISourceOptions | 获取/设置粒子配置对象 |
element.container | Container | undefined | 底层 Container 的只读引用 |
element.dispose() | function | 销毁粒子实例并清理资源 |
